A person eats a meal and then immediately participates in a sprinting race. How might racing affect his digestion of the meal?

Question 22(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(05.02 MC)

A person eats a meal and then immediately participates in a sprinting race. How might racing affect his digestion of the meal?

 His body will release acetylcholine, which will cause the release of digestive juices and slow digestion. His body will release acetylcholine, which will activate the muscles of the digestive organs and speed up digestion. His body will release adrenaline, which will decrease the flow of blood to the stomach and slow digestion. His body will release adrenaline, which will contract the muscles of the stomach and speed up digestion.

Question 23(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(06.03 MC)

Which of the following would increase the spread of cancer through the body?

 Low blood-flow rate Low lymph-flow rate Low antibody count Low lymphocyte count

Question 24(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(04.01 LC)

Which of the following prevents blood from flowing backward through the circulatory system?

 Smooth muscle in the arteries Smooth muscle in the veins Valves in the arteries Valves in the veins

Question 25(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(06.02 MC)

Which of the following correctly categorizes the following infectious agents?

 Viruses—living; bacteria—living Viruses—nonliving; bacteria—nonliving Bacteria—nonliving; viruses—living Bacteria—living; viruses—nonliving

Question 26(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(04.02 LC)

A man with heart disease lives in a family that eats a lot of red meat. What would a physician have to do to determine if the man’s heart disease is entirely related to his environment?

 Analyze the patient’s family history regarding heart disease Analyze the patient’s diet to quantify cholesterol intake Determine the exact amount of cholesterol in the patient’s blood Determine if the cholesterol will lead to high blood pressure

Question 27(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(04.01 LC)

Which of the following is correct regarding hypertension?

 It is only caused by a high-fat diet. It is only caused by blood clots. Family history increases risk. Family history does not increase risk.

Question 28(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(06.02 MC)

Which cells are associated with the humoral and cell-mediated parts of the immune system?

 Humoral—B lymphocytes; cell mediated—T lymphocytes Humoral—B lymphocytes; cell mediated—neutrophils Humoral—T lymphocytes; cell mediated—neutrophils Humoral—neutrophils; cell mediated—T lymphocytes

Question 29(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(05.03 MC)

© Public Domain

In the enzyme reaction above, catechol is the substrate, oxygen is a reactant, catechol oxidase is the enzyme, benzoquinone is the product, and water (H2O) is a by-product. Which of the following will decrease the rate of this reaction?

 Reducing the amount of oxygen Reducing the amount of catechol Increasing the amount of catechol oxidase Increasing the amount of benzoquinone

Question 30(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(06.03 MC)

A medical professional is doing an external examination to determine if lymph nodes in a patient are swollen. Where would be the best place to feel lymph nodes through the skin?

 Liver, spleen, and intestine Elbows, wrist, and knees Chest, abdomen, and back Neck, armpit, and groin

Question 31(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(05.04 MC)

Which of the following would decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

 Increase the cofactor concentration and decrease the enzyme concentration. Decrease the cofactor concentration and decrease the enzyme concentration. Increase the concentration of cofactors present in the reaction. Decrease the concentration of inhibitors present in the reaction.

Question 32(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(04.02 LC)

Which of the following would be one of the three formed elements of the blood?

 Antibodies Platelets Serum Hemoglobin

Question 33(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(04.03 LC)

What is the definition of hemostasis?

 The mechanisms that regulate blood flow through the arteries and veins The mechanisms that regulate the dilation and constriction of blood vessels The mechanisms that regulate the volume of blood flowing through blood vessels The mechanisms that regulate bleeding in an organ or body part due to an injury

Question 34(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(04.01 MC)

Which of the following describes how the endocrine system could cause blood pressure to increase?

 By releasing a hormone that constricts blood vessels and increases blood volume By releasing a hormone that dilates blood vessels and increases blood volume By releasing a hormone that constricts blood vessels and decreases blood volume By releasing a hormone that dilates blood vessels and decreases blood volume

Question 35(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(04.03 MC)

What would occur if the muscle tissue failed within a damaged blood vessel?

 Vascular spasm would not occur, resulting in excessive blood loss. Coagulation would not occur, preventing fibrin formation. Platelet aggregation would not occur, preventing plug formation. Endothelial cell division would not occur, preventing wound healing.

Question 36(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(05.01H MC)

Which of the following describes the proper order of structures that an oxygen molecule diffuses through after entering the lungs?

 Surfactant layer; alveolar space; capillary wall Alveolar space; capillary wall; surfactant layer Surfactant layer; capillary wall; alveolar space Alveolar space; surfactant layer; capillary wall

Question 37(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(05.01 MC)

Which of the following describes the relationship between the respiratory system and cellular respiration?

 The respiratory system provides a reactant and removes a by-product of cellular respiration. The respiratory system generates enzymes used during cellular respiration. The respiratory system transports oxygen to body cells performing cellular respiration. The respiratory system removes carbon dioxide from body cells performing cellular respiration.

Question 38(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(04.01 MC)

Which of the following describes the correct relationship between heart sounds and blood pressure?

 Systolic blood pressure is associated with the first heart sound. Systolic blood pressure is associated with the second heart sound. Diastolic blood pressure is associated with the first heart sound. Diastolic blood pressure is associated with the second heart sound.

Question 39(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

(06.04 MC)

© Image Courtesy of 3DScience.com

Based on the diagram above, which best describes the structure and function of C?

 Hollow organ that contains and nourishes the embryo and fetus Muscular tube into which egg cells are released for fertilization Narrow passage that transports the egg from the uterus to the vagina Sexual gland in which egg cells are formed and stored until ovulation

Question 40 (Essay Worth 5 points)

(04.05 HC)

Slowing down or stopping an activity because you can’t catch your breath is one sign of COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In COPD the airways of the lungs are narrowed, and this makes it hard to get air out and causes an “out of breath” feeling. Other symptoms of COPD can include frequent coughing, excess mucus, and sometimes wheezing. Some patients with COPD also show loss of lung tissue on chest x-rays—a condition called “emphysema.”

Explain what is meant by the statement: “In COPD the airways of the lungs are narrowed.” Specifically, what part of the respiratory system will be narrowed? Then explain how emphysema could lead to shortness of breath. Be sure to identify and describe the specific tissues involved.

Question 41 (Essay Worth 5 points)

(06.01 HC)

Describe the structure of the nephron and explain the role of each part of a nephron in creating urine