Blood grouping practical-Essay- Medicine
Blood grouping practical
ONLY part 1 needs to be done. I have highlighted in read what needs to be covered. Please remember to calculate patient blood group. If there are words left over then please include in part 2 but part is the main priority. dont worry about references.
marking criteria included
Level 6 – Bsc
Part1
Drugs in Sports Biomedicine & Immunohematology
ABO blood grouping
Aim
The aim of this process was identify the blood group of patients 1, 2 and 3. This was done by
Presentation of Results
| Reagent Antisera | Reagent cells | ||
| A cells | B cells | O cells | |
| Anti-A | +4 | -0 | -0 |
| Anti-B | -0 | 5 | -0 |
| Anti-A+B | +3 | 3 | -0 |
| NaCl | – | – | -0 |
ABO grouping of Patients 1-3
| Reagent Cells | P1 (serum) | P2 (serum) | P3 (serum) |
| A cells | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| B cells | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| O cells | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Reagent Antisera | P1 (Cells) | P2 (Cells) | P3 (Cells) |
| Anti-A | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Anti-B | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Anti-A+B | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| NaCl | 0 | 0 | 0 |
RhD Grouping of Patients 1-3
| RhD+ve Control Cells | RhD-ve
Control Cells |
P1 | P2 | P3 | |
| Anti-D Reagent
|
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Results Patient Blood group | NEEDS TO BE ANSWERED | NEEDS TO BE ANSWERED | NEEDS TO BE ANSWERED | ||
Analysis of Results
Discussion
It is paramount that the patients correct blood is identified. Transfusing the incorrect blood type could be fatal. A transfusion can cause RBC destruction and should be carried out with great care
Conclusion
Referencing
Part 2
Blood film diagnosis
Intro
Methods
The patients’blood samples were placed under a microscope for analysis. A brief history of the patient and the patients symptoms were given.
Presentation of Results
Table 1: Patients 1-6 Diagnosis using microscope to analyse blood samples
| Patient | Full Blood Count | Diagnosis | Notes | Cause | Treatment | Follow up |
| 3A
72 Year old male recently transferred to hospital following an injury after falling down some stairs. Upon admission to hospital Rupert presented with fatigue, high temperature, lymphadenopathy and excessive bruising. From speaking to Rupert, he complained that fall was a result of an infection in his foot, and it became apparent that the infection had continually been flaring up over the previous 9 months. |
Hb – 7.1g/dl
WBC – 186 x 109/L
Platelets – 210 x 109/L
MCV – 83 fl
RBC – 3.3 x 10 12/L
Hct – 33% |
The patients high WBC count is due to the infection in his foot.
The patients RBC and Hct count also incicates that he is anaemic |
Low
Abnormally High
Normal
Normal
Normal
Low |
Iron tablets (28), should be taken with Vitamin C |
Patient should have blood taken to measure RBC and Hct in one months time. |
|
| 3B
Following a 3 week safari holiday in Kenya, Cathryn returned to work and after two weeks began to feel unwell. Cathryn visited her GP and reported the following symptoms profuse sweating, headaches, high fever, myalgia’s and arthralgia’s |
Hb – 11.5g/dl
WBC – 14.0 x109/L
Platelets – 70 x 109/L
MCV – 105fl
RBC – 6.0 x1012/L
Hct – 45% |
Macrocytic Anemia |
Low
Slightly elevated
Low
High
Normal
Normal |
|||
| 3C
Following several bouts of cage fighting Caspar was taken to hospital with excessive abdominal pain, tenderness, rigidity and bruising to his external abdomen. After extensive examination the decision was made to perform a splenectomy |
Hb – 15.5 g/dl
WBC – 14.0 x 109/L
Platelets – 140 x 109
MCV – 105fl
RBC – 6.5 x 1012L
Hct – 46% |
|
Normal
high
Low
High
Normal
Normal |
|||
| 3D
After feeling progressively unwell for a number of weeks 38yr old Dee has been referred to A&E by her doctor after she represented with an array of symptoms including dizziness, fatigue, increased heart rate, slight jaundice and dark urine |
Hb – 6.0 g/dl
WBC – 11.5 x 109L
Platelets – 270 x 109/L
MCV – 85 fl
RBC – 3.2 x 1012/L
Hct – 27% |
Low
High
Normal
Normal
Low
low |
||||
| 3E
18 Year old Lowri has recently moved away to uni, and 7 weeks into term one has missed a practical due to illness. Upon her visit to the doctor it was noted that Lowri presented with lymphadenopathy, excessive fatigue. Muscle aches, headaches, difficulty in swallowing, loss of appetite and tenderness in her abdomen. |
Hb – 14.5 g/dl
WBC – 25.0 x 109/L
Platelets – 300 x 109/L
MCV – 94 fl
RBC – 6.0 x 1012/L
Hct – 46% |
Normal
High
normal
high
Normal
normal |
||||
| 3F
Manda a 6 month pregnant vegan, has recently been experiencing palpitations and general malaise. She has angular stomatitis and glossitis, after a physical exam by her GP it was also noted that she was presenting with purpura and as a result further blood tests have been requested. |
Hb – 10.0 g/dl
WBC – 8 x 109/L
Platelets – 160 x 109
MCV – 120 fl
RBC – 3.0 x 1012/L
Hct – 42% |
Macrocytic/megaloblastic anaemia
Most likely has progressed since becoming vegan
Patient is presenting all of the physical symptoms
Platelet count is normal, but patient is presenting purpura
Low RBC and haemoglobin indicates low iron stores
Due to the recent change on diet likely to be vitamin B12 defiance
Megaloblastic anemia can be caused by Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukaemia – further tests should be carried out
Vitamin b12 and folate supplements
|
Low
Normal
Normal
high
low
Normal
|
Vitamin B12 |
Analysis of results
A full blood examination was carried out.
The patient was diagnosed through these methods
Discussion
Conclusion
Referencing
http://www.cardiffandvaleuhb.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/documents/1143/Reviw%20policy%20%20procedure%202018%20REVIEW%20%282%29.pdf
