Describe role challenges and their managerial implications.
Describe the differences between groups and teams.
– Group- two or more freely interacting people with showed norms and goals and common identity.
– Team-
Define each stage of group formation and relevant research findings; what do members ask at each stage?What should a leader do at each stage?
Describe role challenges and their managerial implications.
– Role challenges:
o Role conflicts: others have conflicting or inconsistent expectation
o Role ambiguity: not knowing what is expected of the role holder
o Role overload: others expectations exceeds one’s ability
– Managerial implication: one’s ability to be alert and detect signs of overload (mistakes, absence, from work, missing deadlines)
– Intervene- Talk to employees, help prioritize task, eliminate unassay tasks, Carefully scheduling activities.
Define norms and ways they are developed; How do norms support or hinder group success?
– Norms: shared attitudes, opinions, feeling or actions that guide social behavior
o How are norms developed?
– Explicit statement from supervisors/coworkers
– Critical events- in group history. Ex. On time class dismissal
– Primary- initial actions/ behavior persist
– Carryover behaviors- from past situations
– Norms help group survive, clarify expectation, avoid embarrassment clarify values/uniqueness.
Explain the different types of task vs. maintenance roles (e.g., harmonizer, energizer, etc.)
– Task roles- enables groups to define, clarify, pursue purpose
– Maintenance roles- foster supportive and constructive interpersonal relationships.
o Task roles- keep group on track/ maintenance-keep group together
– Focus on Accomplishinggoals
Initiators
Encourager
coordinator
Harmonizer
Energizer
Compromiser
Recorder
Gate keeper
Explain the two threats to group effectiveness and what can be done to combat each (groupthink, socialloafing); How can threats to group effectiveness impact group decision making?
– Group thinker- Janis term for a cohesive in- group’s unwillingness to realistically view alternatives.
o Assign group members roles- voicing objective and doubts.
o Explore policy questions
o Introduce fresh perspective
o One should be given role devil’s advocate
o Everyone is encourage to rethink their positions to check flaws
– Social loafing – Decrease in individual effort as group size increases.
o Cohesiveness- well unified
– Group think- when you feel a high pressure to conform and agree and are unwilling to realistically view alternatives
– Does social loafing promote group think? Or vice versa
o Social Loafing-↓in individual effort as group size↑
– Improve task meaningfulness
– Individual Accountability
– Reward contributions
– Social loafing can negatively impact decision making. As all group members don’t participate or give input.
