| Question 3 |
| Define the following terms in relation to the movement of body fluids
Osmosis Osmolality Osmotic pressure Diffusion Filtration EACH EXPLANATION SHOULD BE VERY BRIEF IN YOUR ONW WORDS (less than 10 words each) |
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Question 4 |
| Describe the processes involved in regulating body fluid volume. Include information on
· Thirst mechanism · Hormonal regulation · Organs involved in fluid regulation |
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Question 5 |
| Discuss in detail the two problems associated with posterior pituitary and ADH dysfunction.
Your answer should include the following: a) The two problems and brief pathophysiology associated with ADH dysfunction b) How each affects fluid balance c) Nursing assessment criteria for each one. (include lab work as well). No more than 100-150 words.
#hint Diabetes insipidus and SIADH
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| Question 6 | |||
| 1) Write a short IV fluid lecture. Include the following
a) IV fluid and example b) Uses c) Nursing intervention as well as complications to be on alert for. 2) What are the four components of IV line maintenance?” |
| Question 7 |
| For each of the following, give the normal blood level, functions of the electrolyte as well as signs and symptoms of the imbalance.
· Normal blood level of electrolyte · functions of the electrolyte · Causes of the imbalance · signs and symptoms of the imbalance. · Treatment · What does the nurse do and how does the nurse educate patients 1. Hyponatremia 2. Hypernatremia 3. Hypokalemia 4. Hyperkalemia 5. Hypocalcemia 6. Hypercalcemia 7. Hypomagnesia 8. Hypermagnesia |
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Question8 |
| Briefly, explain the following components of acid-base balance
pH PaCO2 PaO2 Oxygen saturation Base excess Bicarbonate Each answer should be between 10-15 words (In your own words) |
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Question 9 |
| Describe the signs and symptoms of the following fluid imbalances
1) Fluid volume excess/Hypervolemia 2) Fluid volume deficit/hypovolemia
Your answer should include the following a) Definition and brief pathophysiology b) Causes of fluid imbalance c) Signs and symptoms d) Treatment e) Nursing considerations. |
| Question10 |
| Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic alkalosis For the above primary acid-base imbalances, give a brief description on each. Your answer should give details on the following questions. · Is this a lung problem or a kidney problem? · What chemical is causing the problem? · Do we have too much or too little of this chemical in the body · Who is going to compensate? How and with what chemicals? · Will the body excrete or absorb the acid? · How is pH affected? · What are the causes of the imbalance · What are signs and symptoms · What is the treatment? · What will the nurse do? |
| Question 11 |
| How do the lungs and kidneys compensate acid-base imbalances? |
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Question 12 |
| Distended neck veins/peripheral veins: vessels are FULL OF FLUID, Peripheral edema, third spacing: vessels can’t hold anymore, so they start to LEAK.
These are all signs of Fluid volume excess or fluid volume deficit ( fill in the correct answer) |
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Question 13 |
| Lung sounds: ADVENTITIOUS (basal lungs, listen posterior in the back first), CRACKLES, WET,
Polyuria: kidneys trying to help you DIURESE (EXCRETE THE EXCESS These are all signs of Fluid volume excess or fluid volume deficit ( fill in the correct answer |
| Answer | |
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Question 14 |
| Thoracentesis, paracentesis, vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhage
Third spacing (when fluid is in a place that does you no good)
*burns – all the fluid goes out of the vascular space
*ascites – the fluid goes into the abdomen or peritoneum (these present like its edema but it’s not there!!! Check the blood pressure with ascites (decreased), respiratory (shallow and rapid) These are all signs of Fluid volume excess or fluid volume deficit ( fill in the correct answer |
| Question 15 |
| Pulse INCREASE,is heart is trying to pump what little fluid is left. This is a compensation for
These are all signs of Fluid volume excess or fluid volume deficit ( fill in the correct answer |
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Question 16 When the peripheral Veins/Neck veins are very small and its hard to start and IV These are all signs of Fluid volume excess or fluid volume deficit ( fill in the correct answer |
