1. What powers of the Church, so effective during the Middle Ages, were now worthless after 1500 to force others, whether Protestant or Catholic, to do its will? How did Protestants think they could save their souls?
2. What were the areas that became Protestant and no longer listened to the traditional, organized Church after 1500? Why were its leaders able to ignore the traditional, organized Church?
3. Why was the Peace of Westphalia the final proof that the traditional, organized Church no longer could force its will on the nation states, which now made up western Europe?
