REVISION GUIDE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH MODULE
(This guide provides details of what needs to be included in your assignment and how you can approach each question).
Task 1
1.1. What are roles played by WHO, Department of Health (DH) and Local Authorities in identifying levels of health and diseases in the population? Students are required to do this in three levels:
1. International level WHO.
2. National level-Department of Health.
3. Local level Local authorities like CCGs. Give a clear example here.
1.2. Explain, using statistical data, the epidemiology of HIV or MRSA and Breast cancer or Diabetes (Type 2) in the UK. Here you are required to:
Define Epidemiology
Explain the epidemiology of HIV or MRSA and Breast cancer or diabetes (Type-2). For each of the disease provide little background information of the disease and then use data to show the following:
• incidence rate (no of new cases)
• the mortality rate (people that died of the disease),
• prevalence rate (no of people currently living with the disease),
• Number of people receiving treatment etc. ART, chemotherapy, radiotherapy
One or two graphs will be required here to support your work.
1.3 How effective are different approaches and strategies adopted by NHS to control breast cancer and HIV in the UK. Some of the Strategies & Approaches you are required to evaluate include: (EVALUATE 4 AT LEAST)
• Surveillance,
• Screening,
• Immunisation,
• Health education,
• legislation, social welfare,
• environmental controls
So here you are evaluating the effectiveness of the above strategies in controlling breast cancer, HIV or any other diseases you explained in 1.2.
Task 2
2.1 What are the current priorities for prevention and control of diseases and risk factors in the UK?
a. You need to explain Burden of diseases
b. Explain how burden of disease is calculated using DALY. You have to write the full formular for DALY.
Note: DALY = YLL+YLD
Where YLL =………….
YLD=………….
c. After determining the priorities, what are the approaches for prevention and control breast cancer or diabetes and HIV or MRSA in UK? Here you need to explain the levels of prevention.
• Prevention – Primordial, Primary, Secondary and
Tertiary prevention [Treatment – palliative care (multi-disciplinary approach that includes specialized medical care for people with serious illnesses. It focuses on providing patients with relief from the symptoms, pain, and stress of a serious illness—whatever the diagnosis),remedial care : curative (surgery or treatment)]
2.2 What is relationship between the prevalence of breast cancer or HIV in the UK and requirements of health services to support individuals with Breast cancer? Here you have to show the relationship using the points below: (DISCUSS 4 AT LEAST)
• Planning,
• Facilities,
• Expertise,
• Partnership working,
• Funding,
2.3 What impact lifestyle choices have on future needs for health and social care services? (DISCUSS 3 AT LEAST)
Lifestyle choices:
• Diet,
• Exercise,
• Substance use,
• Work culture,
• Relaxation
Here you need to analyse both the positive and negative impact of the above lifestyle choices. Think about what will happen to future needs of services when people are not exercising, not eating a healthy diet and have no time to relax. Vice versa.
Task 3
3.1 Assess the health and wellbeing priorities for people living in London?
a. Here you need to mention the health and wellbeing priorities of people living in London.
b. How and who determines the health and wellbeing priorities of a location or an area. I.e. the bodies that determine the health and wellbeing priorities. (e.g. Health and Wellbeing Boards bring together key commissioners, including representatives of clinical commissioning groups, alongside elected members and senior managers from London City Council’s, Children’s and Adult Social Care Services and the Director of Public Health and Link/Local Health watch representatives).
c. Therefore can you now assess i.e. judge or weigh up the Health and wellbeing priorities of people living in London? Do you think those priorities identified are true or do you think there are other areas more important than those mentioned?
The priorities include the following: Safety and security, mobility, diet, hygiene, Intellectual, social and emotional Needs
3.2 How effective are the strategies, systems and policies for ensuring health and wellbeing of service user with breast cancer and HIV/AIDS.
Some of the Strategies, systems and policies include: (EVALUATE 3 AT LEAST)
• organisation of service provision,
• quality of provision (CQC),
• choices,
• complaints policies,
• partnerships working,
• involvement of friends and family
a. Here you need to mention the systems, strategies and policies put in place to ensure the health and wellbeing of service users.
b. Secondly, you need to evaluate the effectiveness of the systems, strategies and policies you have mentioned in ensuring the welfare of the service users. You can give example using your own work place.
3.3 What changes could be made to improve the health and wellbeing of people living in London? Here think about the changes you can make looking at activities below:
Activity to encourage behaviour change include:
• Health education,
• health promotion,
• physical exercise and games,
• consultation and input from specialists
What changes can you make to improve the following lifestyle behaviour (Smoking, Alcohol abuse, Obesity management, Medicines management, Physical health promotion in mental health etc.?
3.4 Evaluate an activity that has been implemented to encourage behaviour change for maximising health for individuals living in London.
Some of the activities already implemented to encourage behaviour change include:
a. Smoking Cessation Programme’ implemented to encourage people to quit smoking.
b. Breast cancer screening Programme’ implemented in UK to encourage early screening amongst women age 50-70 every three years.
c. Change 4 life programme the government introduced in 2009 to help families and middle-aged adults make significant improvements to their diet, activity levels and alcohol Consumption.
(From your own findings, evaluate one of the activities a-c. Do you think they are effective in achieving what they are meant to achieved? Considering the benefits and the cost of implementing the programme. Come to a final conclusion basing your decision on what you judge to be the most important factor and justify how you made your choice).
