Read Article- Social Science – Sociology
Read Siskind’s article, The Invention of Thanksgiving. (2pages Max in Word excl references/ APA format)
1. Considering the genocide committed upon Native Americans, the stereotypical images of the “Indian” that is a fixture in the US media, their virtual exclusion from the history books in schools. and their socio-economic status of poverty to date, are Native American team mascots in American Schools and Sports teams honoring Native American Peoples?
Or, do such logos and mascots further the vicious cycle of prejudice and discrimination against them? What do you think?
2. Will Billy Mills and others win this battle? Why or Why not?
Be sure to post a well organized, thoughtful, and informed essay or ppt (powerpoint presentation) using the text, Invention of Thanksgiving article, and documentary to support your discussion.
I have attached slides from the class too just to help further.
Race and Ethnicity [SOCY100]
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Genocide
Holocoust11 million killed – 6 million of them Jews – at the hands of the Germans {1939-1945}
Rwandan Genocide: Tutsi who were favored by their German colonizers for their lighter skin ~> hutus who represented 84% of Rwanda pop.
Armenian genocide that took place under Turkey’s Islamic Ottoman Empire, during and after WW I = 1.5 million deaths
Genocide was declared an international crime by the United Nations in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in 1948.
Also called:
race murder
racial extermination
USA – The forced repatriation of the Cherokee Indians from Florida in 1830; resulted in the death of some 4,000 Indians out of the 17,000 who made the trip during the famous Trail of Tears incident
Openstax 238
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Genocide
African Americans came to these shores in 1619 – 12 years before the Jamestown Colony was established
The came as Indentured Servants
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Race Ethnicity in the United States
…Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore,
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me:
I lift my lamp beside the golden door.
From the New Colossus
By Emma Lazarus (Base of Statue of Liberty) 1883
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Native Americans
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Indigenous Language Families – North America
In what is now the US there were between 300 and 500 languages at the time of European contact spoken by 40-25 million people
Today there population is about 2 ½ million Native Americans
But only 50-200 of their languages still exist
About 300,000 people left as speakers
Many of these languages only have a handful of elder speakers left
There are many Native American programs to quickly bring elders and young people together to revitalize the language & culture
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Eastern Half of US
Tribes & Language Families in our part of the country
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NATIONAL MAP 11–2 Land Controlled by Native Americans, 1790 to Today
In 1790, Native Americans controlled 3/4 of the land (blue-shaded areas) that eventually became the United States.
Today, Native Americans control 304 reservations, scattered across the United States, that account for just 2 percent of the country’s land area.
How would you characterize these locations?
Source: Published in The New York Times on March 18, 1998. Copyright © 1998 by The New York Times Company. All rights reserved. Used by permission and protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States. The printing, copying, redistribution, or retransmission of the Material without express written permission is prohibited.
Massive
Depopulation/ Genocide
1492: Pop. 25 -40 million
1890: Official US government census of “reservations” Pop. 225,000
So for the US to exist, Native Americans lost as 99 out of 100 people
This is a major ethnohistorical finding that should no longer be ignored
Dropping to 225,000 would mean a 90% depopulation rate
Lumping of people into the “Indian” category was started in Columbus’ first letter
The ethnocentric perception that they were “all the same” meant they were treated the same
As sub-human With no rights exacerbated by The Dominant Cultural Stereotypes of them
For Example: “The only good Indian is a dead one”
The Saying: THE ONLY GOOD INDIAN IS A DEAD INDIAN.
Who Said It: Gen. Philip Sheridan
When: 1869
The Story behind It: In January, 1869, General Sheridan held a conference with 50 Indian chiefs at Fort Cobb in the so-called Indian Territory (later part of Oklahoma). At that time, Sheridan, who had gained recognition as a Union officer in the Civil War, was in charge of the Dept. of the Missouri. One of his duties was to oversee the Indian Territory (OK), making sure that the Indians remained on their reservations and did not harass the white settlers. When Comanche chief Toch-a-way was introduced to Sheridan at the conference, the Indian said, “Me Toch-a-way, me good Indian.” Sheridan reportedly smirked and replied, “The only good Indians I ever saw were dead.” Later on, the remark became “The only good Indian is a dead Indian.”
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DOMINANT CULTURAL STEREOTYPES
Benjamin Franklin 1750s
“If it be the design of Providence to extirpate these Savages in order to, make room for cultivators of the Earth, it seems not improbable that rum may be the appointed means. It has already annihilated all the tribes who formerly inhabited the sea-coast.”
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Orders of George Washington to General John Sullivan, May 31, 1779
“The immediate objectives are the total destruction and devastation of their settlements and the capture of as many prisoners of every age and sex as possible. It will be essential to ruin their crops in the ground and prevent their planting more.”
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John Quincy Adams, 1802, when rationalizing territorial imperatives as God’s will
“What is the right of the huntsman to the forest of a thousand miles over which he has accidentally ranged in quest of prey? Shall the fields and vallies, which a beneficent God has formed to teem with the life of innumerable multitudes, be condemned to everlasting barrenness?”
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General Philip Henry Sheridan
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1887
“We took away their country and their means of support, broke up their mode of living, their habits of life, introduced disease and decay among them and it was for this and against this they made war. Could anyone expect less?“
“The only good Indian is a dead Indian.”
What General Sheridan is alleged to have said is “The only good Indians I ever saw were dead”. He actually denied saying anything remotely like it.
“This language which is good enough for a white man or a black man ought to be good enough for the red man. It is also believed that teaching an Indian youth in his own barbarous dialect is a positive detriment to him. The impractibility, if not impossibility, of civilizing the Indians of this country in any other tongue than our own would seem obvious.”
Read more athttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/07/17/nice-day-genocide-shocking-quotes-indians-us-leaders-pt-2-150465
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General Philip Henry Sheridan
-continued-
What General Sheridan is alleged to have said is “The only good Indians I ever saw were dead”. He actually denied saying anything remotely like it.
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Theodore Roosevelt
“The settler and pioneer have at bottom had justice on their side; this great continent could not have been kept as nothing but a game preserve for squalid savages. Moreover, to the most oppressed Indian nations the whites often acted as a protection, or, at least, they deferred instead of hastening their fate.”
1892, Theodore Roosevelt delivered a Lowell Institute Lecture in Boston, Massachusetts, in which he defends the government’s treatment of Indians:
“This continent had to be won. We need not waste our time in dealing with any sentimentalist who believes that, on account of any abstract principle, it would have been right to leave this continent to the domain, the hunting ground of squalid savages. It had to be taken by the white race.”
As President. 1903:
In his book The Winning of the West, President Theodore Roosevelt wrote:
“The truth is, the Indians never had any real title to the soil.”He compared Indian rights to the land with those of cattle ranchers trying to keep immigrants off their vast unfenced ranges.
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Image Bank
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Native Americans
– ONE NESS…. Living, Dead, and the future… 7TH GENERATION
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Native World View Western World View
| Earth Flat, created by Creator, part of limited Universe The People Created from Earth by the Creator The People are responsible for the on-going Creation Earth = Mother Plants and Animals Brothers and Sisters to The People To eat, Creator taught us to do ceremonies (permission, respect, give thanks) Success = Living together with The People and the Earth Philosophy = Principle of the 7th Generation | Earth is round, created by Big Bang, unlimited universe People evolved from lower life forms People are responsible for themselves Earth=$=Real Estate Plants and animals are resources to be used To eat, use money to buy food Success=Accumulate as much wealth as possible Philosophy=Survival of the fittest |
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REFLECTION:
SOCY 100 Reflection:
1. Considering the genocide committed upon Native Americans, the stereotypical images of the “Indian” that is a fixture in the US media, their virtual exclusion from the history books in schools. and their socio-economic status of poverty to date, are Native American team mascots in American Schools and Sports teams honoring Native American Peoples?
Or, do such logos and mascots further the vicious cycle of prejudice and discrimination against them? What do you think?
2. Will Billy Mills and others win this battle? Why or Why not?
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Dishonorable Mention (2004 HBO Sports)
Go to Slide 52 Vicious Cylce of Prejudice & Discrimination
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The Social Meaning of Race and Ethnicity
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Race
Why do people display “racial characteristics”?
Race appeared among human ancestors as a result of living in different regions of the world… adaptation to sunlight ~>
Today race is based on socio-economic assumptions (Money Whittens in Brazil) . No longer necessarily biological qualities
But race is not biologically identifiable
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Race
Exploit certain environments… protection from the suns harmful rays at the equator….
Obtain
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Race
Irish and Italians…. Were not always considered part of the white race
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Race
Can be denoted by skin tones black white yellow red etc… Openstax p233
Negroid~> Negro 1960s – African American but what of Charlize Theron… look her up.
Irish / Italians were not considered part of the White Race upon Arrival.
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Race
IQ Tests… Used to prove that Blacks were inferior…. Smaller brains
Studies later disproved… Blacks in North scored Higher than Whites on IQ exam. Why?
What about Women… smaller brains than men but score equally well or higher….disproves
But the prevailing thought remains that some races are inherently supperior to others
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Race
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Race
depending on whom they are with.
Have you every experienced such a
“racial shift”?
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Remember:
Angier Article… Do races exist
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Image Bank
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Ethnicity
Consider that the dynamic works as such that you need not only identify with the ethnic group in question… others from the ethnic group need to acknowledge you as being part of that group… part of that community based in these characteristics…. See how it differs from race… what does a Latino look like? They cut across race… but culturally there are shared aspects of culture that distinguish them amongst themselves and others
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BIOLOGY & CULTURE
People play up or down ethnicity depending on whether they want to fit in or stand apart…
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Minorities
Not all members of a minority category are disadvantaged… you have folks who experience what we talked about as social mobility… upward social mobility in terms of wealth and class… still members of subordinated groups and may themselves depending on the context experience
African American Dr. Skip Gates – University Professor at Harvard University – … Arrested
LBGTQ community, Peoples who are Differently abled (have disabilities)
Openstax p233
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Minority Groups
Minority groups usually make up a small proportion of a society’s population
But there are exceptions…
– blacks in South Africa
– women in the U.S.
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Prejudice and Stereotypes
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Prejudice
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Prejudice
Any good stereoptypse
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Measuring Prejudice: The Social Distance Scale
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Measuring Prejudice: The Social Distance Scale
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Racism
the belief that one racial category is innately superior or inferior to another
Where do you believe that prejudice comes from?
Racist organization in the US:
KKK
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Theories of Prejudice
Should we expect to find appreciation of these in the US… Achieved status based in meritocracy…? Yes
Openstax p 233
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(X) Theories of Prejudice
Opposite pattern also found to be true
People who express tolerance toward one minority are likely to be accepting of all
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Theories of Prejudice
Openstax 237
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Theories of Prejudice
Race Card
Openstax 237…
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Discrimination
NOTE: while Prejudice refers to attitudes
Discrimination is a matter of action
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Institutional
Prejudice and Discrimination
long-established traditions
Can you provide examples of how prejudice and discrimination has become institutionalized in schools, banks, hospitals, law enforcement, and the workplace?
Confederate flag Issue in the USA.
US Military – Don’t ask, don’t tell
White Privilege
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Prejudice and Discrimination: The Vicious Cycle
Text is very clear with regards to what is prejudiced and discrimination. PP
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Image Bank
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FIGURE 11–2 Prejudice and Discrimination: The Vicious Circle
Prejudice and discrimination can form a vicious circle, perpetuating themselves.
Majority and Minority:
Patterns of Interaction
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Assimilation/ Amalgamation Melting Pots
-vs- Pluralism Salads Bowl
All “Men are Created Equal”
but is not a pluralistic society because:
we’d all be viewed as same/ assimilated
[unable to preserve our cultures]… and therefore equal.
distinct cultures and ethnicities are like the ingredients
of a salad. Individual ingredients come together to form
a better tasting and more nutritious whole, while
retaining their flavor and not becoming one
homogeneous/ same.
In the US many cultures still retain their identity (flavor) through traditions, values and cuisines.
Openstax p 241
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Holocoust11 million killed – 6 million of them Jews – at the hands of the Germans {1939-1945}
Rwandan Genocide: Tutsi who were favored by their German colonizers for their lighter skin ~> hutus who represented 84% of Rwanda pop.
Armenian genocide that took place under Turkey’s Islamic Ottoman Empire, during and after WW I = 1.5 million deaths
Genocide was declared an international crime by the United Nations in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in 1948.
Also called:
race murder
racial extermination
USA – The forced repatriation of the Cherokee Indians from Florida in 1830; resulted in the death of some 4,000 Indians out of the 17,000 who made the trip during the famous Trail of Tears incident
Openstax 238
*
African Americans came to these shores in 1619 – 12 years before the Jamestown Colony was established
The came as Indentured Servants
*
*
*
In what is now the US there were between 300 and 500 languages at the time of European contact spoken by 40-25 million people
Today there population is about 2 ½ million Native Americans
But only 50-200 of their languages still exist
About 300,000 people left as speakers
Many of these languages only have a handful of elder speakers left
There are many Native American programs to quickly bring elders and young people together to revitalize the language & culture
*
Tribes & Language Families in our part of the country
*
*
NATIONAL MAP 11–2 Land Controlled by Native Americans, 1790 to Today
In 1790, Native Americans controlled 3/4 of the land (blue-shaded areas) that eventually became the United States.
Today, Native Americans control 304 reservations, scattered across the United States, that account for just 2 percent of the country’s land area.
How would you characterize these locations?
Source: Published in The New York Times on March 18, 1998. Copyright © 1998 by The New York Times Company. All rights reserved. Used by permission and protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States. The printing, copying, redistribution, or retransmission of the Material without express written permission is prohibited.
Dropping to 225,000 would mean a 90% depopulation rate
Lumping of people into the “Indian” category was started in Columbus’ first letter
The ethnocentric perception that they were “all the same” meant they were treated the same
As sub-human With no rights exacerbated by The Dominant Cultural Stereotypes of them
For Example: “The only good Indian is a dead one”
The Saying: THE ONLY GOOD INDIAN IS A DEAD INDIAN.
Who Said It: Gen. Philip Sheridan
When: 1869
The Story behind It: In January, 1869, General Sheridan held a conference with 50 Indian chiefs at Fort Cobb in the so-called Indian Territory (later part of Oklahoma). At that time, Sheridan, who had gained recognition as a Union officer in the Civil War, was in charge of the Dept. of the Missouri. One of his duties was to oversee the Indian Territory (OK), making sure that the Indians remained on their reservations and did not harass the white settlers. When Comanche chief Toch-a-way was introduced to Sheridan at the conference, the Indian said, “Me Toch-a-way, me good Indian.” Sheridan reportedly smirked and replied, “The only good Indians I ever saw were dead.” Later on, the remark became “The only good Indian is a dead Indian.”
*
*
*
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“The only good Indian is a dead Indian.”
What General Sheridan is alleged to have said is “The only good Indians I ever saw were dead”. He actually denied saying anything remotely like it.
“This language which is good enough for a white man or a black man ought to be good enough for the red man. It is also believed that teaching an Indian youth in his own barbarous dialect is a positive detriment to him. The impractibility, if not impossibility, of civilizing the Indians of this country in any other tongue than our own would seem obvious.”
Read more athttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/07/17/nice-day-genocide-shocking-quotes-indians-us-leaders-pt-2-150465
*
What General Sheridan is alleged to have said is “The only good Indians I ever saw were dead”. He actually denied saying anything remotely like it.
*
1892, Theodore Roosevelt delivered a Lowell Institute Lecture in Boston, Massachusetts, in which he defends the government’s treatment of Indians:
“This continent had to be won. We need not waste our time in dealing with any sentimentalist who believes that, on account of any abstract principle, it would have been right to leave this continent to the domain, the hunting ground of squalid savages. It had to be taken by the white race.”
As President. 1903:
In his book The Winning of the West, President Theodore Roosevelt wrote:
“The truth is, the Indians never had any real title to the soil.”He compared Indian rights to the land with those of cattle ranchers trying to keep immigrants off their vast unfenced ranges.
*
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– ONE NESS…. Living, Dead, and the future… 7TH GENERATION
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