Question 1 of 25 Which of the following describes structures from the conduction zone? Pharynx, alveolar sacs, alveoli, trachea Bronchus, nasal cavity, trachea, pharynx Nasal cavity, respiratory membrane, alveoli, bronchus Trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli Pharynx, larynx, bronchus, alveoli Question 2 of 25What structure in the nasal cavity serves to increase the surface area of the mucosa exposed to air? Palate Conchae Nasal septum Nares Paranasal sinuses Question 3 of 25 What is internal respiration? The intake of atmospheric air into the body Gas exchange between the atmospheric air and the blood Gas exchange between the lungs and the body tissues Gas exchange between the blood and the tissue cells Intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide from tissue cells Question 4 of 25What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing? When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity decreases in size and inspiration occurs. When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity increases in size and expiration occurs. When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity decreases in size and expiration occurs. When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity decreases in size and external respiration occurs. When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity increases in size and inspiration occurs. Question 5 of 25What determines the flow of gases across the respiratory membrane? Gases are dissolved in the plasma and flow through the respiratory membrane gaps. Gases flow from lower to higher concentration using simple diffusion. Gases flow from a higher to lower concentration using simple diffusion. Gases attach to a hemoglobin molecule and then travel across the membrane. Gases are dissolved in the plasma and cross using facilitated diffusion. Question 6 of 25 Which of the following describes the movement of carbon dioxide? Carbon dioxide moves from alveolar air into pulmonary capillaries. Carbon dioxide moves from pulmonary capillaries into alveolar air. Carbon dioxide moves from blood to tissue cells. Carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin and is removed through the kidneys. Carbon dioxide moves from blood to oxyhemoglobin. Question 7 of 25What is the significant function of the residual volume? It expands the lung volume. It increases the surfactant of the alveoli. It allows gas exchange to continue even between breaths. It represents the total lung capacity of a body. It keeps the oxygen levels as low as possible. Question 8 of 25 What area(s) of the brain are involved in the control of breathing? Medulla only Cerebellum only Pons only Medulla and the cerebellum Medulla and the pons Question 9 of 25 What is an important chemical stimulus that affects breathing rate? Increased calcium levels Increased anxiety Increased carbon dioxide levels Increased potassium levels Increased mucous production in the bronchus Question 10 of 25What is the proposed reason for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? Decreased oxygen flow across the respiratory membrane Impaired neural control of respiration Increased build-up of carbon dioxide Impaired respiratory membranes Decreased alveolar elasticity Question 11 of 25Which of the following is associated with COPD? Lack of mucous production resulting in excessive coughing Cessation of breathing due to anxiety Hyperventilation resulting in metabolic alkalosis A genetic disorder with excessive mucous production Respiratory failure and respiratory acidosis Question 12 of 25In which major digestive organ does most food absorption occur? Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Liver Colon Question 13 of 25 What layer of the alimentary canal contains nerve fibers and lymphatic tissue? Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa Visceral peritoneum Question 14 of 25 What is the process of chewing called? Deglutition Absorption Segmentation Defecation Mastication Question 15 of 25 The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by which of the following structures? Plicae circularis and intestinal villi Brunner’s glands Digestive enzymes Rugae Gastric pits Question 16 of 25 Which of the following describes permanent teeth? There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge There are 27 permanent teeth, and the first molars are usually the last to emerge The number of permanent teeth is always equal to the number of primary teeth. The number of upper permanent teeth is not equal to the number of lower permanent teeth. The number of permanent teeth varies widely from person to person. Question 17 of 25Which of the following describes saliva? It is composed of water only. It contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins. It is produced by the palatine tonsils. It serves to warm food before it is swallowed. It dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted. Question 18 of 25Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? Chief cells Parietal cells Serous cells Alpha cells Mucous neck cells Question 19 of 25What is the enzymatic breakdown of a food molecule called? Diffusion Active transport Hydrolysis Synthesis Denatured Question 20 of 25The mucosa tunica of the esophagus is lined with what type of cells? Stratified squamous epithelium Stratified columnar epithelium Microvilli epithelium Pseudostratified squamous epithelium Ciliated columnar Question 21 of 25Digestion of which of the following would be most affected if the liver were severely damaged? Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Starches Monosaccharide Question 22 of 25 The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur? Severe indigestion would occur, caused by the lack of sufficient digestive enzymes. This type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease, causing digestive upset. Bile would be released from the gall bladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum. The acid secretions from the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food. Acid reflux would develop and cause damage to the esophagus. Question 23 of 25 What are the essential amino acids? Amino acids produced by the human body. Amino acids that must be obtained through diet. Amino acids that are building blocks of carbohydrates. Amino acids released from the hydrolysis of lipids. Amino acids that make up the essential vitamins. Question 24 of 25What is basal metabolic rate? Total amount of kilocalories needed to fuel daily activities Total amount of kilocalories burned in a day Total amount of heat produced by the body per unit of time at rest Total amount of heat produced in a day Total difference between energy used and kilocalories consumed in a day Question 25 of 25A person who has collapsed due to dehydration but still maintains effective heat loss mechanisms is experiencing what disorder? Heat exhaustion Heat stroke Fever due to pyrogens Dysfunction of the hypothalamus
